This study concerns an analysis of multivariate data collected during an archaeological survey of the Hanseatic ceramic market in the Baltic between c. 1200 and 1600. The archaeological distribution of imported ceramic wares forms not only a measure of commercial and technological exchange between western Europe and Scandinavia, Fennoscandia and the eastern Baltic region but also of the spread of Hanseatic domestic practices to communities living on the very edge of the European cultural orbit, particularly in the spheres of dining ritual, heating technology and interior decoration.

John Foxe’s famous ‘Book of Martyrs’ is a foundation text for the English Reformation. Its vision has profoundly influenced English culture. This project completes the task of making the whole of Foxe’s text available in an innovative on-line edition in which specialists and non-specialists alike can appreciate the ways in which Foxe sought to counter his critics, absorb new materials, and justify the protestant reformation to his contemporaries. In Books 1-9, Foxe put this reformation into its deeper historical, ecclesiastical and theological perspective.

We analysed the connection between religious change (Christianisation) and political change (the development of centralised power) in Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus'. In all these areas the final conversion to Christianity was initiated from above. Yet there were also significant differences between the regions in how Christianisation and monarchy were linked. We composed a detailed questionnaire and included history, archaeology and art history in our analysis. Our aims were to compare the various areas, looking at both the primary sources and the national literature.

Augustine, bishop (397-430) of Hippo in North Africa, was one of the most influential writers of the western world. He wrote City of God (De Civitate Dei, 412-26) in response to charges that Gothic troops were able to sack the 'eternal city' of Rome (410) because the gods of Rome were offended by Christian neglect.